BS EN ISO 3405:2011, BS 2000-123:2011 Petroleum products. Determination of distillation characteristics at atmospheric pressure
BS EN ISO 3405 is an International Standard which specifies a laboratory test method, utilizing either manual or automated equipment, for determining the distillation characteristics of light and middle distillates derived from petroleum and having initial boiling points above 0 °C and end points below approximately 400 °C.
Light distillates are typically automotive engine petrols, automotive engine petrols with up to 10 % (V/V) ethanol and aviation petrols. Middle distillates are aviation turbine fuels, kerosenes, diesel, diesel with up to 20 % (V/V) FAME (fatty acid methylesters), burner fuels and marine fuels that have no appreciable quantities of residua.
The distillation (volatility) characteristics of hydrocarbons have an important effect on their safety and performance, especially in the case of fuels and solvents. The boiling range gives important information on composition and behaviour during storage and use, and the rate of evaporation is an important factor in the application of many solvents. Limiting values to specified distillation characteristics are applied to most distillate petroleum product specifications in order to control end-use performance and to regulate the formation of vapours which may form explosive mixtures with air or otherwise escape into the atmosphere as emissions (volatile organic compounds or VOCs).
Contents of BS EN ISO 3405:
Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Principle
5 Apparatus
5.1 General
5.2 Distillation flasks
5.3 Condenser tube and cooling bath
5.4 Metal shield or enclosure for flask (manual apparatus only)
5.5 Heat source
5.6 Flask support
5.7 Graduated cylinders
5.8 Temperature measurement system
5.9 Centring device
5.10 Barometer
6 Samples and sampling
6.1 Sample grouping
6.2 Sample maintenance prior to testing
6.3 Removing water from sample
7 Preparation of apparatus
8 Apparatus verification
8.1 Level follower
8.2 Electronic temperature-measurement devices
8.3 Electronic pressure-measuring device
9 Procedure — Manual apparatus
10 Procedure — Automated apparatus
11 Calculations
12 Expression of results
13 Precision — Manual apparatus
13.1 General
13.2 Repeatability
13.3 Reproducibility
14 Precision — Automated apparatus
14.1 General
14.2 Repeatability
14.3 Reproducibility
14.4 Bias
15 Test report
